Water Catchment 

Water is Life, without it nothing can live. Water is an essential part of any farm/garden, and it is important that we use it wisely and to it's fullest potential!Many areas of the world have different seasons with different levels of water, and some places have very little water year around.
Water catchment is a way to direct the flow of rain,and store it to be used for later. This means using less of the water from your tap! It often involves a basic gutter system, that flows into a large tank. Its good to have the tank lifted, and a tap at the bottom, so it can be gravity fed out into a hose or bucket. This water can then be used in your greenhouse, or outdoor garden in times of need.
Other forms of water catchment involve harvesting water from a natural nearby source, then filtering it and making it available for use. Often times this involves tapping into a well or aquafer. If there is a nearby river, lake, or spring, you can also find a way to pump it out, (abiding with local rules and regulations of course.) There are even ways to harvest water from the ocean and turn it into drinking water, however, this is a long complicated and very expensive endeavor. .

Composting and Organic Fertilizer

Compost is an excellent way to turn scraps into usable materials. With a successful compost system, you will never have to spend money on fertilizer! Compost is the concept of utilizing the process of decomposition by putting food scraps, brown leaves, manure, tree cutting, and whatever other organic material you have that needs a new use. 
There are many many different ways to compost, and i recommend doing some research and visiting a local farm or community that has a successful setup to help brainstorm ideas, or just do a little research. Regardless of what technique you use, you will probably want to set up a system, and build some kind of box, or container that keeps water/animals out, and nutrients in. Its good to have a multi-section set-up so that you can have multiple processes going at once. The scale of your farm and intention and practicality will help you decide the size and number of sections your system has.

Companion Planting and Layering

The most common form of planting in Agriculture (aggressive culture) is called mono-cropping. This is when you have a field or a bed, and its planted with only one thing, like a corn field that has nothing but corn. This is a highly INEFFECTIVE method, because all of the corn need the same nutrients to survive, so they are essentially fighting for nutrients and sucking the soil dry.However...
Permaculture (PERMANENT culture) uses a concept known as companion planting. This is the art of planting things next to each other that mutually benefit one another. Each plant needs/receives something from the soil and each plant also gives something to the soil. Kinda like how tree breathe in CO2 and breathe out Oxygen, and humans do the opposite (this is the most common form of companion planting and is the best possible example.) So by putting a plant that needs a lot of nitrogen next to a flower that gives nitrogen to the soil, you now have 2 different plants that are organically doing better than they would have alone.. AND.. You're getting optimal use of your space!
The concept of layering works with the fact that each type of plant needs a different level of sunlight, and therefore has a different height that the leaves reach to. Big tall trees need the most sunlight, so they will reach to the sky to get it. Bushes and small trees need a little less, so that can be the layer underneath. Then you can put a vine, or a smaller plant to fill in the gaps. Root vegetables help to loosen up soil, encourage organic material to thrive, and also have leaves that don't go very high, so it is good to place them periodically throughout any garden. The bottom most layer is called a ground cover, and has leaves that literally travel across the ground, looking for any open area of sunlight and fills the gap, leaving no area left uncovered. Successful layering will literally FILL your garden and leave you with lots of yummy foods and a variety too!!